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* What is it? [1]
* CLI [2]
* man [3]
* apropos [4]
* info [5]
* apt [6]
* pcmcia_cs [7]
* cardctl [8]
* if up if-down [9]
* ifconfig [10]
* wireless-tools [11]
* ip [12]
* route [13]
* [14]
* [15]
* dmesg [16]
* enable forwarding [17]
* /proc [18]
* ps [19]
* redirect [20]
* /var/log [21]
* GUI [22]
WHAT IS IT?
Wireless related commands for the beginner, or the forgetful.
This is not a complete list and is not intended as a subsitute for
the manual (MAN MAN) nor the time tested method of 'experimentation'.
It is instead, a list of useful command line entries (or
observations) that will help to kickstart the puzzled newbie into
using wireless on Linux [23] effectively.
If you're after more then the Rute User\'s Tutorial and Exposition
[24] is one of many resources for an introduction to Linux [25].
Feel free to add to it...
CLI
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
MAN
* MAN - help pages for any command/appliciation. Also has help pages
for some related configuration files too.
* MAN MAN - review what the man help system does
APROPOS
* APROPOS - search the manual descriptions for
* APROPOS ROUTE - return manuals that consider route to be in their
"domain"
INFO
* INFO - review what the info help system does
* PINFO - a "colorful viewer"
APT
* APT-GET INSTALL - a VERY easy to use application
installer/uninstaller. Simply type the command and the name of the
application (package) you want and APT will download it, install it
and configure it for you.
PCMCIA_CS
PCMCIA Card Services - generally starts on system boot up or may be
manually started using _/etc/init.d/pcmcia_ and displayed arguments
(RedHat, Fedora, Debian and others)
If it's not running on start up the CHKCONFIG or SETUP can be used
under RedHat [26], Fedora to check the start configuration. (What is
it under Debian [27]?)
CARDCTL
* CARDCTL EJECT -- ejects all cards
* CARDCTL EJECT 0 - ejects first card
* CARDCTL EJECT 1 - ejects secondcard
* CARDCTL IDENT - IDENTify a card. Useful when changing the default
driver, by editing _/etc/pcmcia/config, /etc/pcmcia/config-2.4 or
/etc/pcmcia/host_cs.conf_ and changing the module the MANFID BINDs to.
If problems are experienced in ejecting a card, the interface may
need to be brought down first. programs such as DHCLIENT may be
blocking the card and preventing a clean exit.
IF UP IF-DOWN
* IFDOWN WLAN0 - shutdown the wlan0 interface
* IFUP WLAN0 - start the wlan0 interface
* also see IFCONFIG
IFCONFIG
* IFCONFIG - return configuration of ethernet devices
* IFCONFIG ETH0 - eth0 values only
* IFCONFIG ETH0 UP - start the eth0 interface
* IFCONFIG ETH0 DOWN - shutdown the eth0 interface
WIRELESS-TOOLS
* IWCONFIG - displays all interfaces (the IFCONFIG of wireless cards)
* IWCONFIG WLAN1 - displays wlan1 only
* IWCONFIG TXPOWER - for cards that support, changes transmit
power (NB: If using mW, don't forget the suffix)
* IWLIST SCAN -- scans from all supported cards and reports stats on
accesspoints or client found
* IWLIST WLAN0 SCAN - scans for nodes (only from wlan0)
IP
supplied by the iproute or iproute2 package. A (minimum) 2.4 kernel
is usually required and the package may need to be manually installed.
* No manual page, use IP HELP instead
* IP A display address's
* IP A HELP - further help for address's
* IP R display routes (also review the ROUTE COMMAND)
* IP R HELP further route help
* IP A A 10.10.146.58/30 DEV ETH0 LABEL ETH0:0 - add a virtual
interface to dev eth0
* IP L S ETH0 MTU 1200 - change the mtu to 1200
ROUTE
* ROUTE -N - display routes without resolving names (no names =
quicker)
F1, F2 etc will change consoles. Usually up to 7 consoles are
preconfigured, the number can be changed in _/etc/inittab_. Reduce the
number for a headless, low memory machine.
Use scroll back on current console. The scroll back on the current
terminal (console) will be lost when changing to another console.
Unsurprisingly has a similar effect
DMESG
display the kernel messages. Useful immediately after boot up or at
any time that the OS messages may need reviewing.
ENABLE FORWARDING
Routers must have this set, firewalls will often set it within their
scripts.
The scripts or whatever will all write either 0 (false) or 1 (true)
to _/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward_. To read it then...
* CAT /PROC/SYS/NET/IPV4/IP_FORWARD
to write to it (and enable forwarding)
* ECHO 1 > /PROC/SYS/NET/IPV4/IP_FORWARD and check with the previous
CAT command
/PROC
Directory of running processess and their configuration variables
* CAT /PROC/INTERRUPTS - show irq's in use (and thus check, resolve
clashes)
* CAT /PROC/PCI - show results found for pci bus (slots). ie:
detected values for pci cards such as ethernet, video, cradles
* CAT /PROC - USE COMMAND COMPLETION TO DISPLAY ALL FILES IN PROC
DIRECTORY, PICK ONE AND cat''' it
PS
show running processes
options - too many to list - review the manual.
* PS -ADELF - a fairly complete _long listing_. Needs wordwrap to
review effectively . Try redirecting
* PS AXF - a threaded listing
REDIRECT
redirect output to another place
* eg PS -ADELF > /TMP/DUMP
LESS /TMP/DUMP - line wrapping (from the above command) is now
viewable.
/VAR/LOG
When something goes wrong, and no messages are returned - LOOK HERE
Look here anyway and become familar with the layout and what is
captured.
* _/var/log_ tells all (that it knows about anyway).
GUI
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
Is there a point in listing GUI applications? I can't picture
describing the mouse shortcuts, but the section is here if there's a
need.
Links:
------
[1] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#what_is_it_
[2] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#cli
[3] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#man
[4] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#apropos
[5] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#info
[6] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#apt
[7] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#pcmcia_cs
[8] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#cardctl
[9] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#if_up_if_down
[10] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#ifconfig
[11]
http://melbournewireless.org.au/#wireless_tools_
[12] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#ip
[13] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#route
[14] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#_alt_
[15] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#_shift___page_up_
[16] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#dmesg
[17] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#enable_forwarding
[18] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#_proc
[19] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#ps
[20] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#redirect
[21] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#_var_log
[22] http://melbournewireless.org.au/#gui
[23] http://melbournewireless.org.au/?Linux
[24] http://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/book/index.html
[25] http://melbournewireless.org.au/?Linux
[26] http://melbournewireless.org.au/?RedHat
[27] http://melbournewireless.org.au/?Debian
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